Paying Off Debt with Retirement Savings - Is it the Right Thing to Do?

 

Using retirement money to pay off debt is a very serious decision. Surely, in the long term, high-interest debt will be avoided if you pay off such debt. 

However, you must consider that doing this will sacrifice the potential for future investment gains inside your retirement account.

Furthermore, these early withdrawals may mean added taxes and penalties that can further decrease the amount you have available for use toward your debt and further deplete your retirement savings.

Pros and cons of using retirement savings to repay debt

Using retirement savings to pay off debt is one major decision that could have an impact on an individual's long-term financial future.

Here are some considerations to help make a decision as to whether it is a prudent move:

Pros of Using Retirement Savings to Pay Off Debt

Immediate Debt Relief
Paying off high-interest debt, like credit card debt, offers a chance to provide immediate financial relief by reducing overall interest payments.

Improved Cash Flow
Removing debt payments can alleviate cash flow each month, which could help make one's daily expenses more manageable and eliminate the stress of making those payments.

Possible Interest Savings
If the interest rate for that debt is considerably higher than what you are earning on your retirement savings, over time, you could save a lot just by paying off the debt.

Cons of Using Retirement Funds to Pay Off Debt

Tax Penalties and Fees
You'll have to pay taxes and early withdrawal penalties, such as for those younger than 59½ years, which grossly cuts down the amount available to pay the debt.

Lost Growth of Investments
Your retirement savings are invested to increase over time, compounded. If you withdraw money, you reduce the amount that has a chance to keep growing, which may hurt your long-term financial security.

Less Security in Your Retirement
Depleting retirement savings will undoubtedly compromise your future financial security since you cannot afford to retire comfortably or have to work longer.

Opportunity Costs
It is money that is paid out for debt service that will no longer be available to take advantage of any other investment opportunities with better return potential over time.

When is it good to pay off debt with retirement savings?

Generally speaking, using retirement money to pay off debt is a lousy idea; however, based on your financial condition, there may be a couple of scenarios in which it does make sense. Here are a few instances:

• If you're approaching retirement, the emotional and financial burdens from the debt alone are enormous.
• If your high-interest debt is growing faster than your retirement account,
• If you can quickly pay off the aggregate debt without it making a significant dent in your retirement account,
• In the long term, keeping retirement funds will benefit you more than you would achieve by relieving your debt burden immediately.

How to Avoid Using Retirement Funds

Debt Consolidation
Consider debt consolidation, which combines high-interest debts into a single payment plan with a lower interest rate, reducing monthly payments and interest costs.

Balance transfer
Only some credit cards offer introductory interest rates of 0% on debt-to-transfers. This way, one can at least be relieved from high-interest debt in the short term. 

However, to avoid excessively higher interest rates, it is very important that the remaining amount be paid off before the promotional period ends.

Adjustments to Budget
Go through your budget and make adjustments, finding areas where you can cut back on spending and then apply those savings toward debt repayment.

Credit Counseling
Look for credit counseling to help you find other ways of managing debt and come up with a plan that best fits your financial situation.

Increase Income
Find ways of increasing your income by picking up a side job or selling some stuff that is lying around but doesn't serve a useful purpose anymore. This would surely help pay off those debts quicker.

Negotiate with Creditors
Contact your creditors to see if there is an opportunity for a reduction in the interest rates or other terms of the debt.

Key Considerations

Withdrawal Taxes
Unless your retirement distributions come from a Roth 401(k) or Roth IRA, you are going to be liable for paying income taxes. Your withdrawal will be taxed by the IRS 10%–37%, depending on your income tax bracket. 

Therefore, in order to withdraw enough to meet your duty, you need to project how much tax you will owe in advance. Again, the exception is a Roth retirement account. 

With a Roth 401(k), you do not pay income tax on withdrawals of contributions or earnings.

Penalties on Early Withdrawals
Anyone who cashes out early faces severe financial penalties. The IRS considers the early withdrawal as income, and hence income is taxable. 

In addition, you will be required to add a further 10% as a penalty for borrowing against the loan if you are less than 59.5 years old, unless you are able to prove that you are in an extraordinary situation of the kind mentioned above.

Due to this, you will end up losing 32% of your early withdrawal to the IRS if you fall into the 22% tax bracket.

This means that, in order to pay off $10,000 in debt, you'd have to withdraw around $14,500 from your retirement account. Do be aware that you'll have a 10% penalty on withdrawals from early Roth 401(k) accounts, although you won't have to pay income tax.

Conclusion

While retirement savings are an easy means of paying off debt objectively speaking, this alternative often comes with a big price. 

Carefully weigh the pros and cons, consider alternative strategies, and maybe consult a financial advisor to make an informed decision that will help you realize your long-term goals.

Author Bio:

Attorney Loretta Kilday has over 36 years of litigation and transactional experience, specializing in business, collection, and family law. She frequently writes on various financial and legal matters. She is a graduate of DePaul University with a Juris Doctor degree and a spokesperson for Debt Consolidation Care (DebtCC) online debt relief forum. Please contact her on LinkedIn for further information.